Mathematical definition of mono-alphabetic substitution ciphers
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Let K be the set of all permutations of the alphabet A.
Define for each e∈K an encryption transformation Ee on strings m=m1m2…mn∈M as
Ee(m)=e(m1)e(m2)…e(mn)=c1c2…cn=c
To decrypt c, compute the inverse permutation d=e−1 and
Dd(c)=d(c1)d(c2)…d(cn)=m