Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is a kind of intelligence which can solve a problem. A system is “intelligent” if a person cannot distinguish its behaviour from a human’s.
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Turing Test
The Turing test instructs:
- Let a human ask questions to a system.
- If the human cannot tell whether the answers were given by a human or machine, it passes the test.
The Total Turing test expands on this and says a robot is intelligent if a person cannot distinguish its behaviour from a human’s, including physical behaviour.
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Model-based AI approach
Model-based AI approach, e.g. graph and cost model:
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- interpret-able (make sense)
- many search techniques exploit models to arrive at a solution quickly
Data-driven AI approach
Data-driven AI approach, e.g. deep learning:
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- uses a generic model
- no domain knowledge needed
- may require lots of data / computing power
- can learn complex models
Applications of search:
- Mapping
- Computer Games
- Robotics
- Network routing
- Scheduling (calendar, CPU)
- Playlist generation
AI Agents
AI Agent
An agent is a unit that makes an intelligent decision given the opportunity, it uses the knowledge it has at that point in time to make a decision. Decision is limited by range of actions possible at that point in time.
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Autonomous Agent
An autonomous agent makes decisions without human input.
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Rational Agent
A rational agent makes decisions based on knowledge it has (agent acting in the real world under resource constraints).
An ideal rational agent will act to “maximise its expected performance measure” on the basis of provided information by ‘percepts’ from the environment. However rational doesn’t mean perfect or omniscient.
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